以前から購入しようと思っていたままだった書籍ですが、遅ればせながらやっと購入しました。この第二版は、John Ousterhout 氏と Ken Jones 氏の共著になっています。が、しかし preface（序文）は Ken Jones 氏が書いているので、実質的には彼が執筆した本のような雰囲気です。
LLVM のホットな情報にタイムリーには喰いつけず、ぼんやりしていた自分に悔しかったので、ここで今年一年分の情報をまとめてみたいと思います。
10 月 20 日付で ReactOS 0.3.12 がリリースされていましたので、VMware 用のイメージをダウンロードして、VMware Player で起動してみました。News #61 - ReactOS ウェブサイトによると、今回のリリースでは当初、トラップ・ハンドラー機構の部分の改良に絞っていたが、結局のこの部分を全て書き直しをすることになり、前回のリリース（2009 年 12 月 16 日）から間が開いてしまったようです。
Fedora 14 がリリースされました。Fedora Project のサイトがリニューアルされていました。日本語のサイトがとりあえずありますが、日本語に翻訳する協力者が少ないのでしょうか、相変わらずほとんど英語の説明です。自分も翻訳に協力したいのですが、時間が割けません。
| Name | Summary |
|---|---|
| Boost 1.44 | Update Boost to the upstream 1.44 release |
| D Programming | Add a D compiler (LDC) and D standard runtime library (Tango) |
| EC2 | We will provide a concurrent release of Fedora 14 and above on the Amazon EC2 cloud |
| Eclipse Helios | Update Fedora's Eclipse stack to Helios releases |
| Erlang R14 | Update Erlang to the upstream R14 release |
| Gdb Index | This project will remove the useless indices from the .debug files, and will replace them with an index that greatly speeds up gdb |
| GNUstep | GNUstep development environment for Fedora |
| ipmiutil | An easy-to-use fully-featured IPMI server management utility |
| libjpeg-turbo | libjpeg-turbo is fork of the original libjpeg project. It contains numerous performance related enhancements and is at least twice faster in JPEG compression/decompression than original libjpeg on platforms with MMX/SSE instruction set. |
| KDE 4.5 | Rebase to KDE Plasma Desktop 4.5 |
| Memory Debugging Tools | The gdb debugger has been extended with new commands that make it easier to track down and fix excessive memory usage within programs and libraries |
| NetBeans 6.9 | Re-base to the NetBeans 6.9 |
| Open SCAP | Provide open-source Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) framework, basic set of applications and OVAL/XCCDF security content |
| Perl 5.12 | Update to Perl 5.12 |
| Python 2.7 | Update Python to the upstream 2.7 release |
| Rakudo Star | The Rakudo Star releases includes the Rakudo compiler, modules, Blizkost and documentation. Rakudo is an implementation of the Perl 6 specification for the Parrot virtual machine. |
| Spice | Spice aims to provide a complete open source solution for interaction with virtualized desktops |
| Sugar 0.90 | Provide the latest Sugar Learning Environment (0.90), including an enhanced activity set to provide an stable demo environment for Sugar as well as an environment for developers |
| Ruby 1.8.7 | Update Ruby to the upstream 1.8.7 release |
一元配置の分散分析ができたからといって、全て見通しが立ったわけではありません。しかし、自分が納得できる統計解析ツール、特に実験計画法の為の解析ツールを作りたいという欲求を抑えることができず、少しずつ GUI の部分を作り始めています。
Fedora では Tcl/Tk 8.5 で BLT パッケージ（2.4z にパッチをあてたもの）が利用できますが、nightly-cvs の Tcl/Tk8.6 を自分でコンパイルして使用している環境では、同サイトで入手できる blt (3.0) をどうしてもうまくビルドできません。なんとかならないかとインターネット上で情報をあさっていたところ、古い記事ですが BLT 2.4z を リファクタリングした RBC についての議論を見つけました[1]。どうやら Mayo SPPDG - Mayo Clinic and Foundation の Robert W Techentin 氏が、院生のチームと一緒になって取り組んだ成果のようです。$ tar zxvf rbc0.1.src.tar.gz $ cd rbc $ CFLAGS="-DUSE_INTERP_RESULT" \ > ./configure --prefix=$HOME --with-tcl=../tcl/unix --with-tk=../tk/unix $ make $ make installコンパイルフラグ USE_INTERP_RESULT は、Tcl 8.6 ではレガシーな (Tcl_Interp) interp->result にアクセスする際に必要になります[3]。
#!/bin/sh
# the next line restarts using wish \
exec wish8.6 "$0" "$@"
package require rbc
proc init_x {} {
set xList {}
for {set i 0} {$i <= 200} {incr i} {
lappend xList [expr $i / 5.]
}
return $xList
}
proc init_y {xList} {
set yList {}
foreach x $xList {
lappend yList [expr sqrt($x) * sin($x)]
}
return $yList
}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# メイン
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
wm title . "rbc::graph"
set grp ".grp"
rbc::graph $grp \
-title "Sample Graph" \
-font "helvetica 16" \
-rightmargin 15 \
-plotbackground "light cyan" \
-plotpadx 0 \
-plotpady 0 \
-plotborderwidth 0
pack .grp
# ズームスタックを有効にする
#Blt_ZoomStack $grp
# X と Y 軸
$grp axis configure x \
-subdivisions 10 \
-tickfont "courier 8" \
-title "X Axis" \
-titlefont "helvetica 12"
$grp axis configure y \
-subdivisions 10 \
-tickfont "courier 8" \
-title "Y Axis" \
-titlefont "helvetica 12"
# グリッド
$grp grid configure \
-color "turquoise" \
-mapx x \
-mapy y
$grp grid on
# 凡例
$grp legend configure \
-font "helvetica 10" \
-ipadx 10 \
-position bottom \
-relief ridge
# データ
set xList [init_x]
set yList [init_y $xList]
$grp element create func \
-label "sqrt(x) * sin(x)" \
-xdata $xList \
-ydata $yList \
-smooth quadratic \
-linewidth 1 \
-color blue \
-symbol circle \
-pixels 0.0625i \
-scalesymbols yes \
-outline red \
-fill green
# ---
# sample_graph.tcl
実行例を以下に示しました。日本語フォントが表示できないし、 BLT のすべての機能が使えるわけでもなく制限はありますが、Tcl/Tk 8.6 の環境で手軽に（そこそこの）グラフを作成できそうです。
p 値の計算をするためにガンマ関数やらベータ関数を計算するルーチンを C で作成し、Tcl の拡張パッケージ上の拡張された算術関数として利用できるようにして、その上で P 値を計算するルーチンを作ってはみましたが、計算した値が合いません。きっと自分の理解不足によるもののと考え、とりあえず諦めてしまいました（泣）。#!/bin/sh
# the next line restarts using tclsh \
exec tclsh8.6 "$0" "$@"
# 分散分析
# $Id: anova_1way.tcl,v 1.6 2010/10/10 05:15:34 bitwalk Exp bitwalk $
# サンプルデータ１
set a [list {3.42 3.84 3.96 3.76}]
set b [list {3.17 3.63 3.47 3.44 3.39}]
set c [list {3.64 3.72 3.91}]
# サンプルデータ２
#set a [list {25 30 20 32}]
#set b [list {30 33 29 40 36}]
#set c [list {32 39 35 41 44}]
# データ
set data [list $a $b $c]
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# クラス anova
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oo::class create anova {
constructor {a} {
my variable x way
# データリスト
set x $a
# 分散分析の対象フラグのリセット
set way ""
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 一元配置
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method oneway {} {
my variable x way
my variable n k
my variable SSb SSw SSt
my variable df_b df_w df_t
my variable MSb MSw
my variable F p
# Sum of Squared Deviations
# SSt (TOTAL)
set x_simple [my list_simple $x]
set n [llength $x_simple]
set x_mean [my mean $x_simple $n]
set SSt [my var $x_simple $x_mean]
# SSb (BETWEEN GROUPS)
set k [llength $x]
set SSb 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $k} {incr i} {
set x_b($i) [my list_simple [lindex $x $i]]
set n_b($i) [llength $x_b($i)]
set x_mean_b($i) [my mean $x_b($i) $n_b($i)]
set SSb [expr $SSb + $n_b($i) \
* ($x_mean_b($i) - $x_mean) \
* ($x_mean_b($i) - $x_mean)]
}
# SSw (WITHIN GROUPS)
# set SSw [expr $SSt - $SSb]
set SSw 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $k} {incr i} {
set x_w($i) [my list_simple [lindex $x $i]]
set n_w($i) [llength $x_w($i)]
set x_mean_w($i) [my mean $x_w($i) $n_w($i)]
set SSw [expr $SSw + [my var $x_w($i) $x_mean_w($i)]]
}
# Degree of Freedom
set df_b [expr $k - 1]
set df_w [expr $n - $k]
set df_t [expr $n - 1]
# Mean Square
set MSb [expr $SSb / $df_b]
set MSw [expr $SSw / $df_w]
# F value, the ratio of the two variance estimates
set F [expr $MSb / $MSw]
set p [my f_pval $F $df_b $df_w]
# flag
set way "One Way"
return 1
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# result
# 結果の表示
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method result {} {
my variable way
switch $way {
"One Way" {
my result_1way
}
default {
puts "No result yet!"
}
}
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# result_1way
# 結果の表示（一元配置）
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method result_1way {} {
my variable x
my variable n k
my variable SSb SSw SSt
my variable df_b df_w df_t
my variable MSb MSw
my variable F p
puts "ANOVA (1way)"
puts "Source SS df MS F val P Val"
puts -nonewline "Between"
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $SSb]
puts -nonewline [format " %8d" $df_b]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $MSb]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $F]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.6f" $p]
if {$p < 0.001} {
puts " ***"
} elseif {$p < 0.01} {
puts " **"
} elseif {$p < 0.05} {
puts " *"
} else {
puts ""
}
puts -nonewline "Within "
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $SSw]
puts -nonewline [format " %8d" $df_w]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $MSw]
puts ""
puts -nonewline "Total "
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $SSt]
puts -nonewline [format " %8d" $df_t]
puts ""
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mean
# 平均値の計算
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method mean {xList num} {
set sum [my sum $xList]
return [expr $sum / $num]
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# sum
# 合計の計算
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method sum {xList} {
set total 0.0
foreach x $xList {
set total [expr $total + $x]
}
return $total
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# var
# 分散の計算
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method var {xList xMean} {
set var 0.0
foreach x $xList {
set var [expr $var + ($x - $xMean) * ($x - $xMean)]
}
return $var
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# f_pval
# P値（F分布の上側確率の算出）
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method f_pval {f df1 df2} {
set m2pi 0.636619772367581343076
set m_pi 3.14159265358979323846
set i1 [expr 2 - ($df1%2)]
set i2 [expr 2 - ($df2%2)]
set w [expr $df2/($df2 + $df1*$f)]
set y [expr 1.0 - $w]
set p [expr sqrt($w)]
set s [expr sqrt($y)]
if {[expr 2*$i1 - $i2] == 0} {
set p [expr 1.0 - $s]
set c [$s*$w/2.0]
} elseif {[expr 2*$i1 - $i2] == 1} {
set c [expr $s*$p/$m_pi]
set p [expr 1.0 - atan2($s, $p) * $m2pi]
} elseif {[expr 2*$i1 - $i2] == 2} {
set p $w
set c [expr $w*$y]
} else {
set c [expr $y*$p/2.0]
}
for {set i2 $i2} {$df2 > $i2} {incr i2 2} {
set p [expr $p - 2.0/$i2*$c]
set c [expr $c*$w*($i1 + $i2)/$i2]
}
for {set i1 $i1} {$df1 > $i1} {incr i1 2} {
set p [expr $p + 2.0/$i1*$c]
set c [expr $c*$y*($i1 + $i2)/$i1]
}
return [expr ($p < 0.0 && abs($p) < 1e-10) ? 0.0 : $p]
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# list_simple
# 入れ子になっているリストをシンプルなリストに変換
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method list_simple {xList} {
regsub -all {[\{\}]} $xList {} foo
regsub -all {\s{2,}} $foo { } baa
return $baa
}
}
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# メイン
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
set obj [anova new $data]
if {[$obj oneway]} {
$obj result
} else {
puts "failed"
}
# ---
# END PROGRAM
実行例を以下に示しました。$ ./anova_1way.tcl ANOVA (1way) Source SS df MS F val P Val Between 0.318 2 0.159 4.615 0.041749 * Within 0.310 9 0.034 Total 0.628 11
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# f_pval
# P値（F分布の上側確率の算出）
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method f_pval {f df1 df2} {
set x [expr $df1 * $f / ($df2 + $df1*$f)]
return [expr 1 - betai($df1/2.0, $df2/2.0, $x)]
}
実行例を以下に示しましたが、上記と同じ結果が得られています。$ ./anova_1way.tcl ANOVA (1way) Source SS df MS F val P Val Between 0.318 2 0.159 4.615 0.041749 * Within 0.310 9 0.034 Total 0.628 11
double gsl_sf_beta_inc (double a, double b, double x)以下のようなルーチンを使って Tcl の拡張パッケージを作成しています。
/*****************************************************************************
* int func_betai
* 規格化された不完全ベータ関数の処理部
*
* Tcl 側のコマンド
* expr betai($a, $b, $x)
*****************************************************************************/
int
func_betai (ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp * interp,
Tcl_Value * args, Tcl_Value * resultPtr)
{
double a, b, x;
a = args->doubleValue;
args++;
b = args->doubleValue;
args++;
x = args->doubleValue;
/* 計算結果 */
resultPtr->type = TCL_DOUBLE;
resultPtr->doubleValue = gsl_sf_beta_inc (a, b, x);
return TCL_OK;
}
ただ、GSL の配布ライセンスは GPLv3 (GNU General Public License) に従っているので、扱い難いと感じています。計算方法の検証ができたので、他に BSD などの配布ライセンスで良いライブラリがあれば乗り換えようと思っています。オープンソースを推進したい者としては矛盾した考えですが、しかたがありません。前々から作りたいと思っていて、なかなか重い腰を上げて取り組もうとしなかった分散分析のライブラリについて、ようやく少しずつ作り始めました。#!/bin/sh
# the next line restarts using tclsh \
exec tclsh8.6 "$0" "$@"
# 分散分析
# $Id: anova_1way.tcl,v 1.4 2010/10/02 15:00:00 bitwalk Exp bitwalk $
# サンプルデータ１
set a [list {3.42 3.84 3.96 3.76}]
set b [list {3.17 3.63 3.47 3.44 3.39}]
set c [list {3.64 3.72 3.91}]
# サンプルデータ２
#set a [list {25 30 20 32}]
#set b [list {30 33 29 40 36}]
#set c [list {32 39 35 41 44}]
# データ
set data [list $a $b $c]
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# クラス anova
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
oo::class create anova {
constructor {a} {
my variable x way
# データリスト
set x $a
# 分散分析の対象フラグのリセット
set way ""
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 一元配置
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method oneway {} {
my variable x way
my variable n k
my variable SSb SSw SSt
my variable df_b df_w df_t
my variable MSb MSw
my variable F
# Sum of Squared Deviations
# SSt (TOTAL)
set x_simple [my list_simple $x]
set n [llength $x_simple]
set x_mean [my mean $x_simple $n]
set SSt [my var $x_simple $x_mean]
# SSb (BETWEEN GROUPS)
set k [llength $x]
set SSb 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $k} {incr i} {
set x_b($i) [my list_simple [lindex $x $i]]
set n_b($i) [llength $x_b($i)]
set x_mean_b($i) [my mean $x_b($i) $n_b($i)]
set SSb [expr $SSb + $n_b($i) \
* ($x_mean_b($i) - $x_mean) \
* ($x_mean_b($i) - $x_mean)]
}
# SSw (WITHIN GROUPS)
# set SSw [expr $SSt - $SSb]
set SSw 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $k} {incr i} {
set x_w($i) [my list_simple [lindex $x $i]]
set n_w($i) [llength $x_w($i)]
set x_mean_w($i) [my mean $x_w($i) $n_w($i)]
set SSw [expr $SSw + [my var $x_w($i) $x_mean_w($i)]]
}
# Degree of Freedom
set df_b [expr $k - 1]
set df_w [expr $n - $k]
set df_t [expr $n - 1]
# Mean Square
set MSb [expr $SSb / $df_b]
set MSw [expr $SSw / $df_w]
# F value, the ratio of the two variance estimates
set F [expr $MSb / $MSw]
# flag
set way "One Way"
return 1
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# result
# 結果の表示
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method result {} {
my variable way
switch $way {
"One Way" {
my result_1way
}
default {
puts "No result yet!"
}
}
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# result_1way
# 結果の表示（一元配置）
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method result_1way {} {
my variable x
my variable n k
my variable SSb SSw SSt
my variable df_b df_w df_t
my variable MSb MSw
my variable F
puts "ANOVA (1way)"
puts "Source SS df MS F val"
puts -nonewline "Between"
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $SSb]
puts -nonewline [format " %8d" $df_b]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $MSb]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $F]
puts ""
puts -nonewline "Within "
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $SSw]
puts -nonewline [format " %8d" $df_w]
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $MSw]
puts ""
puts -nonewline "Total "
puts -nonewline [format " %8.3f" $SSt]
puts -nonewline [format " %8d" $df_t]
puts ""
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mean
# 平均値の計算
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method mean {xList num} {
set sum [my sum $xList]
return [expr $sum / $num]
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# sum
# 合計の計算
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method sum {xList} {
set total 0.0
foreach x $xList {
set total [expr $total + $x]
}
return $total
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# var
# 分散の計算
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method var {xList xMean} {
set var 0.0
foreach x $xList {
set var [expr $var + ($x - $xMean) * ($x - $xMean)]
}
return $var
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# list_simple
# 入れ子になっているリストをシンプルなリストに変換
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
method list_simple {xList} {
regsub -all {[\{\}]} $xList {} foo
regsub -all {\s{2,}} $foo { } baa
return $baa
}
}
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# メイン
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
set obj [anova new $data]
if {[$obj oneway]} {
$obj result
} else {
puts "failed"
}
# ---
# END PROGRAM
実行例を以下に示しました。$ ./anova_1way.tcl ANOVA (1way) Source SS df MS F val Between 0.318 2 0.159 4.615 Within 0.310 9 0.034 Total 0.628 11まだ、p値の計算はできていません。この部分は C で Tcl のライブラリを作成する予定です。あとは、すこしずつ GUI を作りながら、二元配置、直交表の分散分析にも対応させていく予定です。
Date: Wed, 08 Sep 2010 16:42:34 -0400
From: Donald G Porter <donald.porter at nist.gov>
To: Tcl List Core <tcl-core at lists.sourceforge.net>
Subject: [TCLCORE] Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 RELEASED
Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 Release Announcement
September 8, 2010
The Tcl Core Team is pleased to announce the 8.5.9 releases of the Tcl
dynamic language and the Tk toolkit. This is the ninth patch release
of Tcl/Tk 8.5. More details can be found below. We would like to
express our gratitude to all those who submit bug reports and patches.
This information is invaluable in enabling us to identify and eliminate
problems in the core.
Where to get the new releases:
------------------------------
Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 sources are freely available as open source from the
Tcl Developer Xchange web site at:
http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/8.5.html
This web page also contains additional information about the releases,
including new features and notes about installing and compiling the
releases. Sources are always available from the Tcl SourceForge
project's file distribution area:
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=10894
Binaries for most major platforms are available from:
http://www.activestate.com/Tcl
For additional information:
---------------------------
Please visit the Tcl Developer Xchange web site:
http://www.tcl.tk/
This site contains a variety of information about Tcl/Tk in general, the
core Tcl and Tk distributions, Tcl development tools, and much more.
Summary of Changes since Tcl/Tk 8.5.8:
--------------------------------------
The following were the main changes in Tcl/Tk 8.5.9. A complete list
can be found in the changes file at the root of the source tree. The
more complete ChangeLog is also included with each source release. This
is a patch release, so it primarily includes bug fixes and corrections
to erratic behavior. Below are only the most notable changes.
* TIP 359: new X11 option: [wm attributes -type]
- stops inappropriate Compiz animation of Tk menu & combobox.
* TIP 360: modernize menus on X11.
* New widget [ttk::spinbox].
* [lappend arr(elem)] no longer fires read traces as it inconsistently
has in some situations, but not in others.
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***
* [tk_getOpenFile] on Windows: unlimited multiple-file selection.
* [load] uses LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH for fewer surprises when
bringing in DLLs via dependencies on Windows.
*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***
* Updated [send] security rules to current Ubuntu/Fedora conventions.
* Fixed [wm iconphoto] on LP64 unix systems.
* [chan copy] of more than 2**31 bytes is now possible.
* min() and max() functions now work in safe interps.
* [$menu delete $tooBig end] now properly a no-op.
* canvas items now properly updated when canvas state changes.
* Revised [ttk::sizegrip] to accommodate Compiz.
* Revised default Text bindings for
2010/08/26 付けの ITPro の記事で、オープンソースのオフィスソフト OpenOffice.org を採用する自治体が増えているという記事がありました。この場合、オープンソースであることは、たぶんどうでも良いことなのでしょう。Microsoft Office と比較すると無料で入手できること、つまり経費を節約出来ることを第一に着目して採用することは、仕方がないことなのかもしれません。こういった動きの中で OpenOffice.org のユーザーが増えて、開発者やユーザーグループの活動が活発になり、結果としてオープンソースであることの恩恵を享受でき、なにがしかの貢献ができるようになれば良いのです。
Mono で開発したアプリケーションを Windows でも実行することを想定しているので、ビルド時と実行時の CLR のバージョンを把握できる方法があればなにかと便利です。情報がないか探したところ、下記の参考サイト [1] にぴったりな情報があったので、早速試してみました。
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace bitWalk
{
class VerTest
{
public static void Main (string[] args)
{
string clrVersionBuildtime = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly ().ImageRuntimeVersion;
Console.WriteLine ("built CLR version: " + clrVersionBuildtime);
string clrVersionRuntime = RuntimeEnvironment.GetSystemVersion();
Console.WriteLine ("runtime CLR version: " + clrVersionRuntime);
}
}
}
C# で手軽に使える、オープンソースの数値計算ライブラリがないか探してみました。演算速度のパフォーマンスを求める場合は、C# 以外の環境を検討する必要がありますが、それにしても「ある程度」の数値計算ぐらいは C# で開発していれば C# で処理したいですし、その「ある程度」がどの程度なのかも評価しなければなりません。
今週は、お盆休みで時間に余裕があるので、インターネット上で入手できる .NET の GUI アプリケーションの C# ソースがあれば、ダウンロードして mono でビルドできるかどうか試してばかりいます。
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Sample
{
class Program
{
static void Main ()
{
Application.Run (new FormTimer ());
}
}
}
$ gmcs -pkg:dotnet -target:winexe -out:FormTimer.exe FormTimer.Designer.cs FormT
imer.Main.cs FormTimer.cs
$ mono FormTimer.exe &
Excel のようなスプレッドシートを使いたければ、それこそ Excel とか OpenOffice.org Calc を使えば良いのですが、GUI アプリケーションでちょっとしたスプレッドシートを使いたい時があります。
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DataGridViewTest.cs - DataGridView コントロールを使ったサンプル
//
// 参考／引用:
// Koders Code Search: Test.cs - C#
// modified by Fuhito Suguri, 7-Aug-2010
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;
//
namespace bitWalk
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main (string[] args) {
DataGridViewTest p = new DataGridViewTest();
p.SampleDataShow();
Application.Run(p);
}
}
//
public class DataGridViewTest : Form {
DataGridView myDataGridView;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DataGridViewTest constructor
public DataGridViewTest () {
this.Width = 400;
this.Height = 200;
this.Text = "DataGridViewTest";
//
this.Closed += OnClosed;
//
myDataGridView = new DataGridView();
myDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5;
//
DataGridViewCellStyle style1 = myDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle;
style1.BackColor = Color.Navy;
style1.ForeColor = Color.White;
style1.Font = new Font(myDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold);
//
DataGridViewCellStyle style2 = new DataGridViewCellStyle();
style2.BackColor = Color.Beige;
style2.ForeColor = Color.Brown;
style2.Font = new Font("Arial", 8);
myDataGridView.AlternatingRowsDefaultCellStyle = style2;
//
myDataGridView.EditMode = DataGridViewEditMode.EditOnEnter;
myDataGridView.Name = "myDataGridView";
myDataGridView.AutoSizeRowsMode =
DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders;
myDataGridView.ColumnHeadersBorderStyle =
DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Raised;
myDataGridView.CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single;
myDataGridView.GridColor = SystemColors.ActiveBorder;
myDataGridView.Columns[0].Name = "リリース日";
myDataGridView.Columns[1].Name = "トラック";
myDataGridView.Columns[1].DefaultCellStyle.Alignment =
DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
myDataGridView.Columns[2].Name = "タイトル";
myDataGridView.Columns[3].Name = "アーティスト";
myDataGridView.Columns[4].Name = "アルバム";
myDataGridView.Columns[4].DefaultCellStyle.Font =
new Font(DataGridView.DefaultFont, FontStyle.Italic);
myDataGridView.SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect;
myDataGridView.MultiSelect = false;
myDataGridView.BackgroundColor = Color.Honeydew;
myDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
myDataGridView.CellFormatting +=
new DataGridViewCellFormattingEventHandler(MyDataGridViewCellFormatting);
myDataGridView.CellParsing +=
new DataGridViewCellParsingEventHandler(MyDataGridViewCellParsing);
myDataGridView.CellValidating +=
new DataGridViewCellValidatingEventHandler(MyDataGridViewCellValidating);
this.Controls.Add(myDataGridView);
//
DataGridViewColumnCollection columns = this.myDataGridView.Columns;
columns[0].DisplayIndex = 3;
columns[1].DisplayIndex = 4;
columns[2].DisplayIndex = 0;
columns[3].DisplayIndex = 1;
columns[4].DisplayIndex = 2;
}
// Populating the DataGrid
public void SampleDataShow () {
DataGridViewRowCollection rows = this.myDataGridView.Rows;
rows.Add(new string[] {"11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9", "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]"});
rows.Add(new string[] {"4/4/1960", "6", "Fools Rush In", "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy"});
rows.Add(new string[] {"11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days", "Pink Floyd", "Meddle"});
rows.Add(new string[] {"4/4/1988", "7", "Where Is MY Mind?", "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa"});
rows.Add(new string[] {"5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind", "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle"});
rows.Add(new string[] {"6/10/2003", "13", "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)", "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief"});
rows.Add(new string[] {"6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry"});
}
//
void MyDataGridViewCellValidating (object sender, EventArgs args) {
}
//
void MyDataGridViewCellParsing (object sender, EventArgs args) {
}
//
void MyDataGridViewCellFormatting (object sender, EventArgs args) {
}
//
void OnClosed (object o, EventArgs e) {
Console.WriteLine("Closed!");
Application.Exit();
}
}
}
// END PROGRAM
$ gmcs -pkg:dotnet -target:winexe DataGridViewTest.cs
$ mono DataGridViewTest.exe &
C# の練習に、電卓プログラムを作ってみました。Fedora では、mono 用の IDE として MonoDevelop が利用できますが、GUI については Gkt# が利用できるようになっており、.NET Framework の Form クラスを手軽に利用出来るようになっていなかったので、とりあえずテキストエディタでガリガリ記述してみました。
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// dentaku.cs - 電卓プログラム
//
// created by Fuhito Suguri, 31-Jul-2010
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
//
namespace bitWalk
{
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Dentaku());
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// class Dentaku
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class Dentaku : Form
{
// DISPLAY
private Label lab_0;
// KEY
private Button but_dot;
private Button but_equal;
private Button but_plus;
private Button but_minus;
private Button but_mul;
private Button but_div;
private Button but_mrc;
private Button but_mminus;
private Button but_mplus;
private Button but_clear;
private Button but_sign;
private Button but_percent;
private Button but_root;
private Button but_00;
private Button but_0;
private Button but_1;
private Button but_2;
private Button but_3;
private Button but_4;
private Button but_5;
private Button but_6;
private Button but_7;
private Button but_8;
private Button but_9;
// background color of KEY
private Color bgcolor_Disp = Color.PaleGreen;
private Color bgcolor_Num = Color.LightCyan;
private Color bgcolor_Dot = Color.PowderBlue;
private Color bgcolor_Op = Color.Lavender;
private Color bgcolor_Eq = Color.LavenderBlush;
private Color bgcolor_Func = Color.LemonChiffon;
private Color bgcolor_Memo = Color.LightPink;
private Color bgcolor_Cls = Color.HotPink;
// KEY size
private Size key_Size = new Size(50, 30);
private Size key_Size2 = new Size(50, 60);
// layout
private int[] row = {10, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180};
private int[] col = {10, 60, 110, 160, 210};
// for dentaku calculation
private bool entry_started = false;
private bool entry_dot = false;
private decimal entry_result = 0;
private decimal entry_memory = 0;
private string entry_operation = null;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Dentaku constructor
public Dentaku()
{
this.Width = 280;
this.Height = 250;
this.Text = "電卓";
this.FormBorderStyle
= System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog;
// DISPLAY
this.lab_0 = new Label();
this.lab_0.Font = new Font("MS UI Gothic", 14);
this.lab_0.BackColor = bgcolor_Disp;
this.lab_0.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle;
this.lab_0.Location = new Point(col[0], row[0]);
this.lab_0.Name = "lab0";
this.lab_0.Size = new Size(250, 40);
this.lab_0.Padding = new Padding(5);
this.lab_0.Text = "0";
this.lab_0.TextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleRight;
this.Controls.Add(this.lab_0);
// KEY √
this.but_root = new Button();
this.but_root.BackColor = bgcolor_Func;
this.but_root.Location = new Point(col[0], row[1]);
this.but_root.Size = key_Size;
this.but_root.Text = "√";
this.but_root.Click += new EventHandler(but_func_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_root);
// KEY MRC
this.but_mrc = new Button();
this.but_mrc.BackColor = bgcolor_Memo;
this.but_mrc.Location = new Point(col[1], row[1]);
this.but_mrc.Size = key_Size;
this.but_mrc.Text = "MRC";
this.but_mrc.Click += new EventHandler(but_memo_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_mrc);
// KEY M-
this.but_mminus = new Button();
this.but_mminus.BackColor = bgcolor_Memo;
this.but_mminus.Location = new Point(col[2], row[1]);
this.but_mminus.Size = key_Size;
this.but_mminus.Text = "M-";
this.but_mminus.Click += new EventHandler(but_memo_Click);
this.Controls.Add(but_mminus);
// KEY M+
this.but_mplus = new Button();
this.but_mplus.BackColor = bgcolor_Memo;
this.but_mplus.Location = new Point(col[3], row[1]);
this.but_mplus.Size = key_Size;
this.but_mplus.Text = "M+";
this.but_mplus.Click += new EventHandler(but_memo_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_mplus);
// KEY ÷
this.but_div = new Button();
this.but_div.BackColor = bgcolor_Op;
this.but_div.Location = new Point(col[4], row[1]);
this.but_div.Size = key_Size;
this.but_div.Text = "÷";
this.but_div.Click += new EventHandler(but_ope_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_div);
// KEY ％
this.but_percent = new Button();
this.but_percent.BackColor = bgcolor_Func;
this.but_percent.Location = new Point(col[0], row[2]);
this.but_percent.Size = key_Size;
this.but_percent.Text = "％";
this.but_percent.Click += new EventHandler(this.but_func_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_percent);
// KEY ７
this.but_7 = new Button();
this.but_7.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_7.Location = new Point(col[1], row[2]);
this.but_7.Size = key_Size;
this.but_7.Text = "７";
this.but_7.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_7);
// KEY ８
this.but_8 = new Button();
this.but_8.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_8.Location = new Point(col[2], row[2]);
this.but_8.Size = key_Size;
this.but_8.Text = "８";
this.but_8.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_8);
// KEY ９
this.but_9 = new Button();
this.but_9.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_9.Location = new Point(col[3], row[2]);
this.but_9.Size = key_Size;
this.but_9.Text = "９";
this.but_9.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_9);
// KEY ×
this.but_mul = new Button();
this.but_mul.BackColor = this.bgcolor_Op;
this.but_mul.Location = new Point(this.col[4], this.row[2]);
this.but_mul.Size = this.key_Size;
this.but_mul.Text = "×";
this.but_mul.Click += new EventHandler(this.but_ope_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_mul);
// KEY ±
this.but_sign = new Button();
this.but_sign.BackColor = bgcolor_Func;
this.but_sign.Location = new Point(col[0], row[3]);
this.but_sign.Size = key_Size;
this.but_sign.Text = "±";
this.but_sign.Click += new EventHandler(but_func_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_sign);
// KEY ４
this.but_4 = new Button();
this.but_4.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_4.Location = new Point(col[1], row[3]);
this.but_4.Size = key_Size;
this.but_4.Text = "４";
this.but_4.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_4);
// KEY ５
this.but_5 = new Button();
this.but_5.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_5.Location = new Point(col[2], row[3]);
this.but_5.Size = key_Size;
this.but_5.Text = "５";
this.but_5.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_5);
// KEY ６
this.but_6 = new Button();
this.but_6.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_6.Location = new Point(col[3], row[3]);
this.but_6.Size = key_Size;
this.but_6.Text = "６";
this.but_6.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_6);
// KEY −
this.but_minus = new Button();
this.but_minus.BackColor = bgcolor_Op;
this.but_minus.Location = new Point(col[4], row[3]);
this.but_minus.Size = key_Size;
this.but_minus.Text = "−";
this.but_minus.Click += new EventHandler(but_ope_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_minus);
// KEY C
this.but_clear = new Button();
this.but_clear.BackColor = bgcolor_Cls;
this.but_clear.Location = new Point(col[0], row[4]);
this.but_clear.Size = key_Size;
this.but_clear.Text = "C";
this.but_clear.Click += new EventHandler(but_clear_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_clear);
// KEY １
this.but_1 = new Button();
this.but_1.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_1.Location = new Point(col[1], row[4]);
this.but_1.Size = key_Size;
this.but_1.Text = "１";
this.but_1.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_1);
// KEY ２
this.but_2 = new Button();
this.but_2.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_2.Location = new Point(col[2], row[4]);
this.but_2.Size = key_Size;
this.but_2.Text = "２";
this.but_2.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_2);
// KEY ３
this.but_3 = new Button();
this.but_3.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_3.Location = new Point(col[3], row[4]);
this.but_3.Size = key_Size;
this.but_3.Text = "３";
this.but_3.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_3);
// KEY ＋
this.but_plus = new Button();
this.but_plus.BackColor = bgcolor_Op;
this.but_plus.Location = new Point(col[4], row[4]);
this.but_plus.Size = key_Size2;
this.but_plus.Text = "＋";
this.but_plus.Click += new EventHandler(but_ope_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_plus);
// KEY ０
this.but_0 = new Button();
this.but_0.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_0.Location = new Point(col[0], row[5]);
this.but_0.Size = key_Size;
this.but_0.Text = "０";
this.but_0.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_0);
// KEY ００
this.but_00 = new Button();
this.but_00.BackColor = bgcolor_Num;
this.but_00.Location = new Point(col[1], row[5]);
this.but_00.Size = key_Size;
this.but_00.Text = "００";
this.but_00.Click += new EventHandler(but_num_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_00);
// KEY ・
this.but_dot = new Button();
this.but_dot.BackColor = bgcolor_Dot;
this.but_dot.Location = new Point(col[2], row[5]);
this.but_dot.Size = key_Size;
this.but_dot.Text = "・";
this.but_dot.Click += new EventHandler(but_dot_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_dot);
// KEY ＝
this.but_equal = new Button();
this.but_equal.BackColor = bgcolor_Eq;
this.but_equal.Location = new Point(col[3], row[5]);
this.but_equal.Size = key_Size;
this.but_equal.Text = "＝";
this.but_equal.Click += new EventHandler(but_equal_Click);
this.Controls.Add(this.but_equal);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_num_Click - NUMBER key enter
private void but_num_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Button but = (Button)sender;
string n = "0";
switch (but.Text)
{
case "０" : n = "0"; break;
case "００" : n = "00"; break;
case "１" : n = "1"; break;
case "２" : n = "2"; break;
case "３" : n = "3"; break;
case "４" : n = "4"; break;
case "５" : n = "5"; break;
case "６" : n = "6"; break;
case "７" : n = "7"; break;
case "８" : n = "8"; break;
case "９" : n = "9"; break;
}
if (entry_started == false)
{
lab_0.Text = "0";
}
if (lab_0.Text == "0")
{
if (n != "00")
{
lab_0.Text = n;
}
}
else
{
lab_0.Text = lab_0.Text + n;
}
entry_started = true;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_dot_Click - DOT key enter
private void but_dot_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (entry_dot == false)
{
if (entry_started == false)
{
lab_0.Text = "0.";
}
else
{
lab_0.Text = lab_0.Text + ".";
}
entry_started = true;
entry_dot = true;
}
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_func_Click - Function key enter
private void but_func_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
decimal n;
Button but = (Button)sender;
switch (but.Text)
{
case "±" :
n = decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text) * -1;
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
break;
case "％" :
n = (decimal)(double.Parse(lab_0.Text) / 100);
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
break;
case "√" :
try
{
n = (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text));
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
}
catch
{
lab_0.Text = "E";
}
break;
}
entry_started = false;
entry_dot = false;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_ope_Click - OPERATION key enter
private void but_ope_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Button but = (Button)sender;
if (entry_operation != null)
{
but_equal_calculation();
}
entry_operation = but.Text;
entry_result = decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
entry_started = false;
entry_dot = false;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_equal_Click - EQUAL key enter
private void but_equal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (entry_operation != null)
{
but_equal_calculation();
}
entry_started = false;
entry_dot = false;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_equal_calculation - sub for EQUAL key enter
private void but_equal_calculation()
{
decimal n = 0;
switch (entry_operation)
{
case "＋" :
n = entry_result + decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
break;
case "−" :
n = entry_result - decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
break;
case "×" :
n = entry_result * decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
break;
case "÷" :
try
{
n = entry_result / decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
lab_0.Text = n.ToString();
}
catch
{
lab_0.Text = "E";
}
break;
}
entry_operation = null;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_clear_Click - CLEAR key enter
private void but_clear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
lab_0.Text = "0";
entry_started = false;
entry_dot = false;
entry_result = 0;
entry_operation = null;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// but_memo_Click - MEMORY key enter
private void but_memo_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Button but = (Button)sender;
switch (but.Text)
{
case "M+" :
entry_memory = entry_memory + decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
break;
case "M-" :
entry_memory = entry_memory - decimal.Parse(lab_0.Text);
break;
case "MRC" :
lab_0.Text = entry_memory.ToString();
entry_memory = 0;
break;
}
entry_started = false;
entry_dot = false;
}
}
}
// END PROGRAM
$ gmcs -pkg:dotnet -target:winexe dentaku.cs
$ mono dentaku.exe &
Monoは、Ecma 標準に準じた .NET Framework 互換の環境を実現するためのオープンソースソフトウェアプロジェクトです。
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
class HelloWorldApp {
public static void Main() {
MessageBox.Show("こんにちは、世界！", "mono");
}
}
$ su
パスワード:
# yum install mono-*
読み込んだプラグイン:presto, refresh-packagekit
...
（以下省略）
$ gmcs -pkg:dotnet -target:winexe hello.cs
$ mono hello.exe
$ wine hello.exe
【注記】情報が古くなりましたので、下記で内容を更新しました。
